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#Reactivity of carboxylic acid derivatives mcat professional
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LEFT ARROW - move card to the Don't know pile.You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows: If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box. When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Use these flashcards to help memorize information. The Attacking Nucleophile Of Amides Hydrolyzing Into Carboxylic Acids Is: The Attacking Nucleophile In Transesterification Is:Ĭarboxylic acids under strongly acidic or basic conditions. The exchange of one esterifying group for another on an ester. The rates at which they do so depends on their relative reactivities.Īnhydrides Can Be Cleaved By Th Addition Of A:Īddition Of Ammonia Or An Amine Results In: Torsional strain from eclipsing interactions and angle strain from compressing bond angles below 109.5 degrees.Īll Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Can Undergo: Β-lactams Are Prone To Hydrolysis Because: Increased Strain In A Molecule Can Make It: They can stabilize their transition states The unhybridized p-orbitals which increases stability.Ĭonjugated Carbonyl-Containing Compounds Are More Reactive Because: The presence of alternating single and multiple bonds which creates delocalized pi-electron clouds above and below the plane of the molecule. The More Electronegative Groups In A Carbonyl-Containing Compound: Uneven distribution of charge across a sigma bond because of differences in electronegativity. Increase steric hindrance or otherwise decrease the reactivity of a particular portion of a molecule Protecting Groups Such As Acetals Can Be Used To: When a reaction cannot proceed (or significantly slows) because of substituents crowding the reactive site
IN Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions, Anhydrides Are More Reactive Than:Įsters which are more reactive than amides Listing the parent carboxylic acids alphabetically followed by anhydride Parent carboxylic acid followed by anhydride. The condensation dimers of carboxylic acids. The breakdown of fat using a strong base to form a soap (salts of long-chain carboxylic acids) They are named by the number of carbons in the ring, and the Greek letter of the carbon forming the bond with the oxygen (α-acetolactone, β-propiolactone, etc)įat storage which include three ester bonds between glycerol and fatty acids The Esterifying Group Of An Ester Is Written As: (β-lactam, γ-lactam, etc)Ĭarboxylic acids with alcohols (Fischer esterification) They are named by the Greek letter of the carbon forming the bond with the nitrogen. Alkyl groups on a substituted amide are written at the beginning of the name with the prefix N.
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